Organizational Concepts -high :: essays research papers

GreenPages, Inc. hereinafter referred to as GP is a dynamic organization that most closely fits the sociotechnical model put forth by Trist (1963) and Rice (1963) of the Tavis Institute. GP was created by Kurt Blieken in 1992 to be as he put it the most elegant company in existence today. Starting with a blank piece of paper Kurt Blieken crafted a mission statement (attachment A) that served as the underpinnings and catalyst to create an organizational structure that balanced the complex technical systems with a social and economic system which serves as a model to the computer industry today. GP is currently under going tremendous growth of over 100% annually which creates a turbulent environment and tests the organization structure GP was founded on. It is the belief of Kurt Blieken as well as those of us whom work at GP that this unique corporate structure can not only be retained but thrive as the organization scales to new heights. In order to understand the goals and challenges facing GP it is useful to utilize Weisbord’s Six-Box Model to analyse the organizational structure. GP was formed with two purposes in mind. The first was to create the best place to work in the country. The cornerstone of this purpose is a value system which is the very heart of our corporate culture. This value system is as follows: ? The company’s most valuable asset is its corporate culture. The basis of the culture is cheering at another’s success, helping out when a teammate needs a hand and being generous with praise. GP culture is so important that people who cannot or will not embrace it fully will not be allowed to stay. ? GP was designed from the ground up to meet the needs of our customers. We continuosly change and improve ourselves and our systems to meet new needs. ? Every job in the company is critically important. We hire good people, then give the tools and the training to be outstanding. We are always striving for perfect execution of everything we do. ? It’s OK to make a mistake. Since we hire good people, a mistake is just that, a mistake. If many mistakes occur it is the system which needs to be corrected. Following this policy can be difficult but it leads to a wonderful lack of finger pointing and back covering. GP culture encourages new ideas and risk taking.

A war between the United States and Iran Essay

Preparations for a massive military strike on Iran are in full swing by the United States of America. But will these preparations convert to actual bombing on the ground? Are the two countries going to be embroiled in a war soon? These are the questions that are being asked everywhere, in hushed tones if it is the Pentagon corridors and terrified glances if it is the streets of Tehran. With Iran defying the UN’s call for restraint in its nuclear programme openly, it has only become successful in intensifying the speculations about the war. The issue here is â€Å"Is it inevitable? † Before we get in to the nitty-gritty of the Iranian crisis, let us look into the different causes of the wars that have been raged in the recent future. The twentieth century started with World War I in 1914 and since then, it is interesting to note that the wars have a particular pattern. The causes have always been dependent on three factors: Systemic factors, domestic politics and the role of the Decision maker. Hence, we would also try to view the US-Iran issue through this prism. However, comparing the pre-nuclear wars in a pre-nuclear age with wars in post-nuclear age would be a waste of space. Instead, it would do well if we look into the causes that can trigger a war in the present times where possessing nuclear power is not only a stark reality but also the bone of contention in this particular case. It is the claim by the Iranian government that they are ready to start developing nuclear weapons is what has triggered the whole issue. And ironically, it is the very reason that is playing a deterrent in the war. Remarkable is the fact that it is only America that is concerned with Iran trying to possess the deadly weapon. The first and foremost question that would help us in determining the fate of this discussion would be: Why is America so bothered? America, the self-declared big brother of all the nations on this planet, takes up the â€Å"burden† of maintaining peace on earth. To quote Eisenhower, â€Å"Freedom is indivisible.. †. America takes it as its personal duty to ensure that â€Å"Freedom† is maintained all over the world. If it was â€Å"Communism† that was a threat against â€Å"Freedom† during the cold war, today it is the irresponsible rulers of nations that possess or aspire to possess nuclear weapons that are threatening the â€Å"Freedom† in the world. And when Truman declared that â€Å"We cannot hope to maintain our freedom, if freedom elsewhere is wiped out†, he meant it. However, the reasons why Israeli attack on Palestine killing hundreds of civilians is not wiping out â€Å"Freedom† but North Korea developing nuclear capability is has interesting reasons. History has been witness to this characteristic of America where it deems it is her right to attack any country it wills to protect the attacked country’s â€Å"freedom†. According to Jutta Welders (Pg 37, culture of insecurity), the compelling reason for America to act in this fashion is to maintain its supremacy in the world. An act of aggression under the cloak of â€Å"Freedom fighters† becomes a necessity to project itself as a strong nation which can not only defend itself but protect other countries as well. A bright example would be the Cuban missile crisis. When this â€Å"crisis† occurred, many were of the view that it was quite unnecessary for America to take up such a strong and aggressive tone. However, it did do that and according to Jutta Weldes, it is the compelling reason to showcase its power that led it to act strong. In fact, Jutta Weldes considers the Cuban missile crisis as not a crisis at all. To quote her, â€Å".. crises are social constructions that are forged by state officials in the course of producing and reproducing state identity†. She is of the view that it depends on the social construction that makes us define a situation as â€Å"Crisis†. It depends on how we view a nation that determines whether it is a crisis or not. For example, Iran possessing nukes is such a big issue and is immediately converted into a â€Å"Crisis† whereas an equally notorious state like Pakistan possessing the deadly weapons is not. It has been time and again proved that large number of terrorist activities has their funds traced back to Pakistan. However, Pakistan escaped the whip but Iraq was destroyed in the name of WMDs! The only explanation for this is the prism that US uses to define its foreign policies. Attack the nations that would give it a chance to maintain her supremacy in the world. Attacking Pakistan would back fire as it has the capability to strike back. And attacking Iraq or Iran will definitely be easier as these countries have a notorious reputation which required some policing and also are comparative weaklings. Hence, the systemic reasons for US to wage a war against Iran are quite obvious: a chance to police a nation that has a history of supporting the biggest threat world faces today, that is, terrorism and simultaneously reaffirm its image as the superpower which it seems to be losing to China. If attacking Iran salvages some pride for US, the role of domestic politics in the whole affair plays another important role. US, the strongest nation in the world today, are also the most vulnerable to attacks by various terrorist outfits. After 9/11, it has taken its goal of fighting terrorism quite seriously. However, the path it has chosen to fight it is not very often appreciated. The aftermath of 9/11 saw it attacking Afghanistan and driving out the Taliban ruthlessly. Afghanistan was the target because it sheltered the most dangerous terrorist outfit in the world, Al-Qaeda. Their slogan was a regime change is essential for to â€Å"smoke out† the terrorist and the whole war was essentially to capture one man – Osama Bin Laden. The attack resulted in the killings of thousands of innocent Afghanistan who were already tired by the war torn politics of Taliban. America could never capture the villain. However, it overthrew Taliban and today, a â€Å"democratically† elected government exists in place of it. Is Afghanistan a changed country today? Has America finally left its shores after the war? Both the answers are No! Terrorism has been controlled and yes, America is still â€Å"guarding† Afghanistan with its air raids on civilians. The failure of capturing Osama in Laden was quite frustrating for the Bush administration and it was in search for a new scapegoat. And they found the perfect one in the form of Saddam Hussain. Suddenly, Iraq, the starving nation which was already bogged down by various sanctions and its citizens further troubled by the tyrannic rule of Saddam Hussain finds itself in the line of fire. The reasons given are quite fishy. America is suddenly in possession of confidential information that Iraq possesses weapons of mass destruction and Saddam Hussain should be relieved of his responsibility of taking care of them! The reasons were uttered in the same chilling tone of how Iraq, which can’t survive without taking aid from UN, poses the danger of destroying the whole world. The solution that is needed is again a â€Å"Regime Change†. America reasoned introduction of democracy in the country will solve the problem. Thus, despite the worldwide protests that marked the growing contempt against America and the UN Security Council voting against a military attack, America single-handedly went about with its â€Å"war on terrorism†. After 3 years of war, a executed Saddam Hussain, uncountable civilian deaths and threats of civil war ( not to forget the daily suicide attacks by shiities), no one found alleged WMDs. Today, it has been almost accepted that the report on WMD was wrong! The flak US received for the irresponsible behavior is enormous and its image in the middle east has gone for a beating as today, many believe that US is waging war on Islam rather than Terrorists. Its belief that a regime change is the only solution that can solve the problems of the world is quite naive. It proposes the same thing when it comes to Iran. Seymour M. Hersh, in journal â€Å"Fact: Annals of national security† had mentioned his conversation with Patrick Clawson, an Iran expert who is the deputy director for research at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and who has been supporter of President Bush, who clearly spoke of regime change the ultimate solution. He said, â€Å"So long as Iran has an Islamic Republic, it will have a nuclear-weapons program, at least clandestinely. The key issue is therefore, how long will the present regime last? † This archaic view that regime change or toppling of government in another country and forcing them to â€Å"democracy† has never worked in bringing the much desired goal of the war – peace. In fact, statistics have shown that the transition period from any kind of rule to democracy has always been bloody and nations become quite war-prone (Democratization and war). The most recent examples are, of course, Afghanistan and Iraq, which are facing gruesome infighting among themselves. So why is America so bent upon making a regime change in those countries? Apart from the apparent reasons of dismantling the network of terrorism, experts are of the view that it is also the question of who controls the oil in the future that has been a major driving force behind the American policy. Middle East is the home for oil throughout the world and it is the control of oil that is US after. With its fast disappearance and soaring prices (reasons partly because the war that US is waging), the control of the oil fields will definitely be beneficial for America. In fact, the one who controls oil in the future is the undisputed king. This goes in line with the policy of US for whom displaying its authority is very important as it seems to be losing the crown to the exponential growth of China. Therefore, attacking Iran is also a desperate attempt by US to reiterate that it is America that is still calling the shots. However, attacking Iran has its own dangers. The most important and the immediate is the image of US in the Islamic world. Its continuous attacks on Islamic nations has made it poised against Islam and has become quite unpopular in the Middle East. If not anything else, America through these attacks is only getting successful in inviting the wrath of the people living there. In a conversation with Seymour M Hersh, Richard Armitrage was echoing the same sentiments – â€Å"What will happen in the other Islamic countries? What ability does Iran have to reach us and touch us globally – that is, terrorism? Will Syria and Lebanon up the pressure on Israel? What does the attack do to our already diminished international standing? And what does this mean for Russia, China and the U. N Security Council? † Yet how many in Washington will consider these questions? According to Seymour, there are people out there who believe it is the way to operate! If domestic politics are reasons enough to wage war, the role of the decision maker is of paramount importance. It is the head who declares wars and in this case Bush has quite a penchant for declaring wars. It is widely believed that Bush will declare war against Iran before leaving the White house. In fact, President Bush believes that â€Å"He must do what no democrat or Republican, if elected in the future, would have the courage to do, and that saving Iran is going to be his legacy†. The personal ambition of Bush also seems to make the fear of turning Teheran in to a sea of fire in to reality. Moreover, with the failure of Iraq where they achieved instant victory but not a decisive one, Bush administration is looking out for scapegoats in a large way. Iran with its close proximity with Iraq is believed to be a supplier of arms and ammunitions to the Shiite attackers in the troubled Iraq. Those attacks are not only killing innocent Iraqis but also resulting in the death of hundreds of American troops out there. In short, it is a personal failure for Bush as a president as he forced his military in to war for no reasons. It becomes very important for him to fathom some pride and Iran seems to be a ripe case. One House member told Seymour when speaking of Bush â€Å"The most worrisome thing is that this guy has a messianic vision†. Therefore, you have President Bush waiting to bomb Iran at the slightest pretext. But how can attacking Iran solve the Iraq problem? The strategy that is being followed by the Americans is to start infighting in Iran and force it to take some irresponsible action like an up in the activities along the Iraqi border. The first response to any of American disturbance in Iran is believed to be given across the Iraq border which presently houses many American troops. The white house hopes to take advantage of that situation and make it an excuse to attack Iran. This reason is widely believed to work as the blame of first strike can always be switched to Iran and America will only be fighting for â€Å"Safeguarding† its citizens. Combining the above reasons, America declaring war on Iran seems to be a matter of time. The systemic, domestic politics and decision maker reasons a need for another war. The attack on Iran will accomplish three important factors for America. 1. America is believed to be the favorite target for the terrorists and its war on terrorism is necessary to protect itself as a nation. Moreover, this would give the image of the departing super power the much needed boost. An attack on Iran will give the masculine quality to the nation that it believes will spread â€Å"awe† across the world. 2. The second and more compelling reason for the attack is the role that domestic politics plays in this issue. Attack on Iran will bring about a regime change which will help America post â€Å"Freedom† there. This in other words means another puppet government that would act on the whims of US. This is quite beneficial as this gives it direct control over the oil fields of Iran along with Iraq’s, thanks to the WMD ghosts. So, that means with a single strike, not only do they believe that terrorism and nukes will be taken care of but also the oil fields. 3. The third reason is President Bush. His stint as President of America has mainly been marred by Wars. If in the past it was Afghanistan, now it is Iraq. Apparently, both have them have been failures as there have been no decisive victories. The victories have only been fast as is expected from a war between the super power and a starving nation. Iran war will give him the much needed boost to his image as this war can be a golden opportunity to pass the blame on Iran for the Iraq fiasco. Taking all these reasons into considerations, attack by America on Iran for possessing Nukes is quite imminent. Experts say Iran is still five to ten years away from developing any kind of weapon. However, America is bent upon going ahead with its plans. Therefore, nukes or no nukes, Iran is the golden opportunity to accomplish a lot many tasks. Nuclear disarmament is just one of the small ones.

Analysis Of The Book Men We Reaped - 939 Words

In the United States, Americans are painfully aware that poverty is a massive upsurge. Americans are getting poor and poor by the minute and that’s a problem. In the book â€Å"Men We Reaped† Jesmyn Ward explains that society sees our life being worth nothing. If I had the choice to change poverty I would raise the minimum wage so more people would want to work and the money can at least accommodate for a 3 house family with one person working. In the book â€Å"Men We Reaped† Jesmyn explained about her hometown of DeLisle, on Mississippi s Gulf Coast. She explained that it was a place ravaged by poverty, drugs and routine violence. Ward was always still brought back to her hometown even though she had the opportunity to leave. With the poverty that happens in the book and my neighborhood are very similar. I am from Queens, New York City where the dope dealers don’t care if they get caught or not. In the book she explained that â€Å"I see history, I see racism, I see economic disempowerment, I see all of these things, you know, that come together, or that came together, sort of in this perfect storm here in southern Mississippi, and I feel like that is what is bearing down on our lives. This quote explained that nobody is getting the help that they need, and that there needs to be a solution to this problem. Not only was it just a problem in the book but it’s also a problem here in New York and all ov er. The negatives about poverty are Malnutrition, and Education. Malnutrition is one ofShow MoreRelatedThe Work The Lust By Susan Minot866 Words   |  4 Pagestextual sketches Susan Minot provides a reader with the analysis of the woman role in the relationship as a concept along with her representation in the societal perceiving. I am deeply convinced, that the consistent and sequential analysis of the mentioned aspect will help the reader to unveil the idea of the woman s performance in the community play. To start with, the author has chosen the very specific model of narration and the analysis of it would contribute greatly to the â€Å"unlocking† theRead MoreRed Cross Involvement Of The Rwandan Genocide1712 Words   |  7 Pageswounded men. When Dunant went back to Geneva, he was troubled by visions of the terrible battle. He therefore dedicated all his strength to ensure that the terrible sufferings he had witnessed never occurred again. In 1862, he wrote and published a book entitled A Memory of Solferino. In the book, he highlighted the idea of creating in every country a society for the relief of the wounded military and to help the army medical services to carry out their tasks. Ultimately it was this book that ignitedRead MoreThe Reform Of Higher Education1536 Words   |  7 Pagesthey realize the sad reality that situation truly encompassed. We have become so conditioned, as a society, to student debt, that we don’t truly see any other alternatives as possibilities. We have come to see and understand it as a necessary part of any education, never questioning its true impact or its legitimacy. We have become blind and gullible in our ways, never wondering or questioning what has been handed down to us, what we think is a necessary and worthy sacrifice to accomplish our educationalRead MoreA Brief Note On The Hindu Mythology Of India Essay2356 Words   |  10 PagesAccording to this quote by Mahatma Gandhi is trying to tell that what a person believe become into one s destiny. Stories written in the Hindu mythology books or hindu beliefs have a great impact on people s brain. People relates those stories written in the books and beliefs with the ir present day. Hindu people have many religious books for example Mahabharata, Bhagavad Gita, and Ramayana. Audience will be the people who believe in Hindu goods, people who are studying psychology and MythologyRead MoreEssay about Arcadia Group Pest Analysis2649 Words   |  11 PagesPEST analysis Business Environments. Arcadia Group ltd. Assignment 2 Module leader: Dr. Marcjanna Augustyn Student ID: 200911496 Module code: 44201 Table of Contents Summary3 Introduction3 Methodology4 Political Factors4 Economic Factors7 Social Factors 8 Technological Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 Summary Report includes political, economic, social and technologicalRead MoreStalin vs. Trotsky Essay3293 Words   |  14 Pages 1922) both men had a secure place in his favor and therefore in the party as a whole. Since 1917, at least, Trotsky had supported Lenin on the main issues and seemed to have more of his candor and flexibility than Stalin. However, as Lenin sickened and died, the mutual antagonism between Trotsky and Stalin, who had never been compatible, deepened into a life-and-death struggle. A. Stalin It is difficult to compare the later lives of the two men, for Stalin Read MoreGilt Groupe12605 Words   |  51 PagesCase 3 Guilty as Charged [pic] 1. Perform a SWOT Analysis for Gilt Groupe. 2. Looking at your SWOT, what is the single greatest threat facing GG? How would you react to this challenge? What strategy would you follow or propose? 3. Looking at your SWOT, what is the single greatest opportunity facing GG? How would you go about taking advantage of this opportunity? What strategy would you follow or propose? 4. Five years from now, where do you see GG? A success? 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My Virtual Child Paper - 1166 Words

My Virtual Child Paper My virtual child covers physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development at several age levels. This gave me an opportunity to visualize the whole child at various points in development. I raised a virtual child from birth to 18 years of age. Each virtual child has a unique set of characteristics at birth, some of which were influenced by how I answered the assessment I completed when I first logged onto My Virtual Child. These characteristics gradually emerged and affected his behavior and development. My child was a boy so I decided to name him Wolfgang. Wolfgang was born about four weeks premature and underweight (four and a half pounds). To regulate his body temperature, he spent the first few days in†¦show more content†¦Berk mentions in his book that parent’s who resolve conflicts with reason, instead of physical punishment, have children that are more likely to be socially mature and well developed intellectually (Berk 2010). Instead, we would put Wolfgang in a time-out, induction, and used punishment by removal (Berk 2010). I made sure that my partner was included when making parental decisions because I did not want Wolfgang to start favoring one parent over the other. When my partner and I decided to get back together, he started doing better in school (except math), but he still got into fights at school, so my partner and I decided to talk to him about social skills and taught him techniques he could use when he started to get upset or frustrated. I’m very happy that Wolfgang has a diverse view on gender roles (Berk 2010). I was nervous at first because he did not seem to have any interest in Brianna. I feel as if my partner and I splitting, for the short time we did, caused this effect on Wolfgang. When he was about 3, my partner and I had Brianna. Wolfgang was a bit distant at the beginning, but he includes his sister while playing with other kids and he tolerates girls better than other boys do. 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Although no one has accurately pinpointed the exact cause of this mental disorder, it has recently been determined that Psychopathic Personality Disorder is ultimately a product of childhood abuse or neglect, genetics, or some combination of the two (Forensic Science 563). In this case, Perry has obviously been a victim a child abuse (Capote 366), and there is a chance that he also may have received theRead MoreThe Field Experience Reflection Paper902 Words   |  4 PagesField Experience Reflection Paper Describe My child s name is Jude Alexander and he is a male. As a baby he is cautious around new people and situations, but warms up fairly quickly to friendly people. In kindergarten Jude Alexander seemed to have made one or two friends and usually played cooperatively and was sometimes reluctant to join in new activities with unfamiliar children. He performed below average on tests of vocabulary, and the ability to retell a story. 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Data Security And The Security - 3194 Words

Abstract— Data security is one important issue that everyone anticipates these days. Whether it is an individual or an organization securing the data in the database is very important. As the technology is enhancing day by day the data is more vulnerable to the security breaches.A really exhaustive approach for information assurance should likewise incorporate instruments for implementing access control approaches focused around information substance, subject capabilities and qualities, and other pertinent relevant data, for example, time. Strategies for information trustworthiness what s more accessibility particularly customized to database frameworks must be embraced. We concentrate on access control frameworks, on which a huge†¦show more content†¦At the point when information is inaccessible, data critical for the correct working of the association is most certainly not promptly accessible when required. â€Å"Hence, a complete solution to data security must pos sess the following three requirements: 1) Secrecy or confidentiality refers to the protection of data against unauthorized disclosure, 2) Integrity refers to the prevention of unauthorized and improper data modification, and 3) Availability refers to the prevention and recovery from hardware and software errors and from malicious data access denials making the database system unavailable.† Information assurance is guaranteed by distinctive parts of a database management system (DBMS). Specifically, an access control system guarantees information secrecy. At whatever point a subject tries to get to an information question, the right to gain entrance control component checks the privileges of the client against a set of approvals, expressed for the most part by some security chairman. An authorization states whether a subject can perform a specific activity on an item. Authorizations are expressed as per the right to gain entrance control strategies of the association. Information secrecy is further upgraded by the utilization of encryption strategies, connected to information when being put away on optional stockpiling or transmitted on a network. In this paper, we concentrate chiefly on the privacy prerequisite and we examine access controlShow MoreRelatedData Security1440 Words   |  6 PagesINTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE 10 Data Security Who has access to your tax data? 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IndeedRead MoreThe Security Of Data Tightly And Information Security1693 Words   |  7 PagesUCTION In today’s world transformation of data very securely and information security are the most important categories for the organizations to follow or else the information can easily be taken away by the enemies. In olden days the organizations used to follow the encryption and decryption for the transformation of data securely which is known as cryptography. In cryptography the security of data depends on how strong the encryption and decryption are said to be used. But it is not very easy forRead MoreThe Concept Of Data Security1630 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The concept of data security is not new to anyone. It refers to those technologies which have been discovered so as to keep the important data safe and out of reach from anyone undesirable. This has been done so as to keep the data safe from any intruders who could get into the computer system through hacking. 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It refers to those technologies which have been discovered so as to keep the important data safe and out of reach from anyone undesirable. This has been done so as to keep the data safe from any intruders who could get into the computer system through hacking. As a result of advancements in the field of information technology, most data is kept on desktops or in the clouds. With the help of such techniques, any unauthorized person couldRead MoreThe Information And Data Security1090 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation and data security plays a key role for any organization. And, especially, if the organization is dealing with lots of sensitive data, then it needs to have a robust security system in order to protect the data. In the given scenario, this given organization is required to protect the information and data from the increasing attacks of viruses, Trojans, worms, and other cyber-attacks (Johnston Warkentin, 2010). 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Managing Knowledge and Learning free essay sample

Managing Knowledge and Learning at NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Summary National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established by Congress on October 1, 1958, in order for the United States to keep up with the technological advancements achieved from former Soviet Union’s successful launch of the Sputnik (1957). The Apollo Era-Mission had risen from the support of John F. Kennedy’s goal, which was â€Å"landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth. † Prioritization at NASA evolved into the center’s motto of â€Å"Faster, Better, Cheaper† (FBC), which was mandated in the Goldin Era beginning in 1992.NASA shifted priorities from: 1) performance, 2) schedule and 3) cost to 1) increase mission performance, 2) cut cost and 3) work force reduction. However, this reform was not as successful as planned. From 1992 and 2000, six of 16 FBC missions failed. To address concern of the impact of failed missions and impending retirements of many of the most experienced NASA employees, Congress enforced that the agency search for the solution to Knowledge Management (KM) and promoting learning initiatives at NASA-JPL. NASA’s KM tools were mainly IT systems of Internet-based databases and portals for ease of lessons. The NASA KM crisis was attributed to the organization’s inability to document experiences of failures and successes of missions or projects; ultimately incapable of capturing the â€Å"experiential knowledge† from expert engineers and scientists. In addition, this lack in KM was due to â€Å"privatizing knowledge† and promoting creativity, that stemmed from NASA’s culture where competition among centers for projects and funding was the norm.Several KM Initiatives were developed including project libraries for document and data management, developing standards, establishing databases to find experts, ask technical questions, and to capture history and legacy reviews. 1) What were the pros and cons of the â€Å"Faster, Better, Cheaper† model? How might outcomes (both positive and negative) of projects executed with this model impact NASA’s stakeholders, i. e. Congress and the general public? The â€Å"Faster, Better, and Cheaper (FBC)† objectives were to cut cost and maximize mission performance. There were several advantages of the FBC reform.FBC allowed compressed development and launch schedules that lead to an increase in the number of missions. Mission time could be reduced from decades to a few years. The number of NASA projects increased from four to 40 under the FBC model. An increase in mission projects was thought to lead to additional discoveries so that NASA could gain further wisdom and space knowledge. FBC missions were changed from one big project to multiple smaller projects. Dividing the program into smaller projects helped to minimize the pressure and stress on the team if a mission failed.Furthermore, one mission failure did not consequently lead to the failure of the entire program. FBC practice allowed senior managers more freedom to implement FBC the way they found fit which promoted creativity and autonomy among senior managers. FBC also reduced the cost of each mission and NASA’s overall budget. For example, the Mars program budget was reduced from one billion dollars to $260 million. There are numerous disadvantages of the FBC reform. Applying the FBC model could lead to more mission failures.During the FBC era, there were 6 failed missions out of 16 FBC missions. Cost and schedule constraints, insufficient risk assessment, planning, and testing, underestimation of complexity and technology maturity, inattention of quality and safety, inadequate review processes, engineering, under-trained staff, poor team communication, and design errors all attributed to NASA’s mission failures. Projects conducted â€Å"faster† does not allow for adequate documentation, time for redlining the project, and recording lessons learned from one mission to the next. This could result in repeated mistakes that could be avoided by future missions. Missions carried out faster do not allow time for mentorship and sharing of knowledge. Also, the term â€Å"better† was not properly defined and was open to interpretation, which may negatively impact maintaining standard procedures and processes. The results of the FBC vision could impact NASA’s stakeholders in several ways. The increase in smaller successful missions would alleviate the risk of one large failure, although any failures will have a negative impact on stakeholders.Congress could be discouraged to provide support and funding for major space programs if they fail but might be more likely to fund smaller missions. The public could either lose or gain confidence, support, and belief in the space program depending on the magnitude of success or failure. FBC mission are less expensive which would decrease NASA’s budget and help satisfy both Congress and the general public by reducing the need for extra taxation by Congress and collection of taxes from the general public. 2) Why was the Mars Pathfinder project so successful?Explain how Anthony Spears management style impacted future missions. Project management was the key to success of the Mars Pathfinder project. It began as an experiment to test the validity of the FBC reform mandated in 1992 when Daniel Goldin was assigned as the new administrator of NASA. A clear and specific plan for the Pathfinder mission was laid out in the beginning and followed through until the end. Analogous to the success of Cisco’s ERP implementation, Anthony Spears, an excellent manager and thought leader with years of experience at NASA, gained the support of top management and the JPL institution (Spears, 1999).Spears developed a unique balance of an advisory committee of experts to sup port and guide the difficult project, while he recruited talented, yet naive, energetic youngster’s to do what some more experienced people thought impossible. As Spears writes in his lessons learned report it was â€Å"†¦a blend of bright, ambitious youth and scarred old timers, each challenged and empowered, all working each issue together † (1999). Together, they created a team that bonded and worked together successfully.Spears’ goal was not only the success of the Pathfinder project, but of the FBC program success, unlike the vision of future project managers. The success of Pathfinder did not translate well in future FBC missions. Risk management and testing were important to the Mars Pathfinder success. While the Mars Pathfinder team worked together successfully, the younger players went on to think they were great project managers themselves, but still hadn’t learned enough to manage their next missions successfully.In future FBC projects, some reasons for failure were poor team communication, inadequate or under-trained staff or insufficient testing in 70% of missions and insufficient risk assessment and planning on 86% of missions (exhibit 4). 3) One of the major issues in this case is the retirements of experts. Why is this a problem for NASA? Would it be less of a problem in a different type of organization? Suggest immediate steps that NASA could take to mitigate the problem. Explain your choices.By 2006 half of NASA’s workforce was eligible for retirement which could lead to a major loss of knowledge, especially tacit information, diminishing the collective wisdom of the organization. A senior manager at NASA states, â€Å"we have no formal process for transferring knowledge† from thought leaders to new managers and IT systems had not yet been sufficient in transferring â€Å"experiential knowledge† to the younger generation. Unfortunately, this would be true in many organizations unless they had sufficient knowledge management systems in place and a culture where sharing knowledge was valued and encouraged.In order to mitigate the problem of losing their knowledge base, NASA not only needs to continue to implement their KM strategy, but truly change the culture. Experienced project leaders and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), such as design engineers, should openly share their knowledge and not just when asked for it. I support several of the planned KM initiatives such as the capture of information by improving documentation, development of an enterprise web-based portal, and the Knowledge Sharing Initiative (KSI) aimed at changing the companiesâ₠¬â„¢ culture.In addition to these activities, an exit strategy could be developed for retiring employees where they must follow standard procedures for employing case-based reasoning in an online database employing a searchable classification system. Additional knowledge could be disseminated by those eligible through training sessions. A reward system should be coupled to these exit requirements and could be increased if the employee decides to be available in the Expert Connections directory of SME’s that could be contacted for support after they leave.New positions might need to be created for dedicated knowledge managers such as Chief knowledge officers. It’s also possible that NASA could obtain some replacement of lost experts by collaborating with space programs in other countries. Collecting the information from experts must be coupled with management support of a corporate wide schema to store the data, methods of dissemination, and apply the information to ultimately make better decisions on projects that involve risking people’s lives. 4) Jean Holm had two options she could choose from: 1) upgrade the IT systems or, 2) change the culture.Which would you choose and why? Is there a third option? Explain your answer. In order for Holm’s to truly have a successful knowledge managem ent system in place, implementation of a hybrid system should be in place; enforcing both upgrade to IT systems occurring simultaneously with changing the private culture into a shared one. Integration of both, changing the culture and IT upgrades will be a lengthy process so it would be critical to first strategically plan for cultivating and managing formal processes for knowledge transfers.Implementing formal processes such as required protocols, reports, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and work instructions for each mission or project should be enforced from every high-level management as it might help with the KM transfer crisis. Once every item has been completed by the high-level management it would be placed into the appropriate IT systems database in conjunction with the integration of the required knowledge management video synopsis from experienced engineers and scientist who exit the centers.Curriculums would be in place with learning modules with specific need encapsulating these protocols, reports, SOPs, work instructions and video synopsis would then be posted on the intranet, ready for the potential novice engineers and scientists entering the NASA work force; making the system more enriched and meaningful. 5) President Obama is implementing changes to NASA’s charter, which will create new ways of funding/executing projects than NASA is used to. Do a little online research. Do you agree or disagree in this change of direction? Explain. Caution; this is not to be addressed as a political issue) The Obama administration’s new NASA charter includes a couple of key parts: A) In February 2010, the Obama administration canceled the Constellation Program, which was started by former President George W. Bushs administration in 2004. This program aimed to put US astronauts back on the moon by 2020, for the first time since the final Apollo mission. B) In April 2010, Obama proposed increasing NASA’s overall budget by about $6 billion over five years and shifting NASA’s aim for manned space program to Mars (from the moon).By the mid 2030s, I believe we can send humans to orbit Mars and return them safely to Earth. And landing on Mars will follow, he said. C) He also challenged the commercial space industry to take up the routine tasks that NASA would abandon – such as ferrying astronauts to and from the space station. I do not agree with him on the part A and Part B of the new charter. The Constellation Program is already 5 year old, and has spent $9. 1 billion.It has already made significant progress and will help America maintaining its space leadership position over Russia and China. On the other hand, I think that it will set a foundation for manned space mission to Mars. Obama’s vision of manned mission to Mars by mid-2030 does not seem realistic to me as he has not talked about its technology feasibility. However, I do agree with his plan’s Part C. I think that it will significantly reduce the cost for transporting people and cargo to and from low-Earth orbit, and might induce the rise of a true space economy.

Systems Security A Discussion of the Physical Aspects

Security is a fundamental management responsibility of data protection concerned with determining the access control of genuine entities and also with the protection of computer systems from internal or external threats (Margariti et al, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Systems Security: A Discussion of the Physical Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today, more than ever before, organizations are increasingly investing more resources in information security with the aim to reduce the risks and impacts of system susceptibilities and risks to a level that could be considered as acceptable (Walters, 2007). This paper purposes to describe some of the basic steps that could be taken for the physical security of computers used by physicians and other practitioners in an urgent care center to remotely access patient data and their email system through a virtual private network. According to Etzioni (2011), the first layer of security organizations need to take into consideration is the physical security of the computer systems. This type of security needs to consider not only the individuals who have direct physical access to the computers, but also if they are allowed to have access to the machines and how these systems could be set to limit illegitimate tampering. As such, the steps taken to ensure physical security of computer systems must have the capacity to decrease the possibility of success for any kind of illegitimate access or attacks (Walters, 2007). One of the ways through which physical security of computer systems could be enhanced is to restrict access to areas where the computers are kept to those in possession of appropriate identification badge and/or any other form of authorization (Albuquerque, Krumm Geus, 2010). Such restriction, according to the authors, not only decrease the ease with which an individual could access sensitive documents stored in the computers, but also reduces the possibility of an individual to physically tamper with the computer systems.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, physical security of computer systems could be enhanced through the use of passwords and other system features such as computer locks (Albuquerque et al, 2010). In passwords, physicians and other health practitioners using the system to access sensitive patient data should be encouraged to memorize their passwords instead of writing them down to prevent any instances where the paper with the password falls into the wrong hands. In computer locks, it is imperative to note that most modern computers include a locking feature, which can be used to prevent someone from stealing your computer or manipulating the computer hardware configurations. Case locks can also be used to prevent attackers from rebooting a computer system from their own di sk drives or other hardware (Etzioni, 2011). The urgent care center can also decide to invest in trained security personnel to protect the computers and other physical aspects from theft. Installation of alarm systems and surveillance using dogs can also assist to protect the computer systems from theft or illegitimate access (Whitman Mattord, 2011). It should be noted that patient health data is sensitive in nature thus the need to include trained security personnel and alarm systems in any plan aimed at protecting the physical infrastructure of the computer systems. The training aspect of the security personnel is important to enable them detect any form of threats or attacks to the computer systems. Fourth, all physicians and other health practitioners using the VPN to access patient data should undergo some form of security training since physical security is intrinsically dependent on the human training (Whitman Mattord, 2011). The consultants should be trained on the best wa y to protect the information in the systems from illegal access and on how to protect the computer systems from theft. According to Walters (2007), employees should also be trained in how to prepare electronic storage media for discarding using available techniques such as purging to completely erase files which may have been deleted but not overwritten with other data. Doors leading to the computer systems should always be kept under lock and key, and windows sufficiently grilled to prevent any instances of unauthorized entry or theft of computers. This is a particularly important aspect of the physical security since all the other aspects will inarguably depend on how secure the physical environment is from internal or external threats (Walters, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Systems Security: A Discussion of the Physical Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, there should be a policy t hat ensures the physical environment is kept under lock and key and the windows are sufficiently reinforced to prevent any instances of illegal access, malicious attacks, and theft of critical information. Lastly, it is prudent for the urgent care center to protect the computer systems from environmental factors, which include fire, floods, extremely high temperatures, water, and electricity fluctuations, among others (Margariti et al, 2007). All these hazards, according to the authors, have profound negative affect on the computer systems that inarguably result in the loss of use and loss of productivity of these systems. A simple occurrence such as power fluctuation can cause the server to shut down and malfunction, hence the need to make investments in backup devices such as UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) or a power generator since computer systems necessitate redundancy in power availability (Etzioni, 2011). Reference List Albuquerque, J., Krumm, H., Geus, P. (2010). Formal v alidation of automated policy refinement in the management of network security systems. International Journal of Information Security, 9(2), 99-125. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Database Etzioni, A. (2011). Cybersecurity in the private sector. Issues in Science Technology, 28(1), 58-62. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier Database Margariti, S.V., Meletiou, G., Stergiou, E., Vasiliadis, D.C., Rizos, G.E. (2007). Security systems consideration: A total security approach. AIP Conference Proceedings, 963(2), 954-958. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Database Walters, L.M. (2007). A draft of an information systems security and control course. Journal of Information Systems, 21(1), 123-148. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier DatabaseAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Whitman, M.E., Mattord, H.J. (2011). Principles of information security. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning This essay on Systems Security: A Discussion of the Physical Aspects was written and submitted by user Braeden Espinoza to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.